Zoyambira Zachitetezo cha Chingwe
1. Kodi chingwe chotetezera n’chiyani?
Chingwe chachitetezo si mtundu winawake wa chingwe; ndi lingaliro logwira ntchito. Mwachidule limatanthauza zingwe zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti kutumiza mphamvu, kuwongolera zizindikiro, ndi kulumikizana kuli kokhazikika komanso kodalirika pansi pa mikhalidwe yoopsa kapena yoopsa, komanso kupewa ngozi monga moto, kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, kuwonongeka kwa zida, kapena kulephera kwa makina komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mavuto a chingwe.
Chofunika kwambiri cha iwo chili mu "kuteteza moyo ndi chitetezo cha katundu."
2. Makhalidwe Aakulu ndi Zofunikira Zaukadaulo za Zingwe Zachitetezo
Zingwe zotetezera zimaonedwa kuti ndi "zotetezeka" chifukwa zili ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:
Kulephera kwa moto
Cholinga: Zimaletsa malawi kufalikira pa chingwe, kuteteza moto waung'ono kuti usawonongeke kwambiri.
Miyezo: Magulu amachokera pa kuchedwa kwa moto (monga miyezo ya IEC):
Kalasi A: Yochedwa kwambiri kuyaka moto, yoyenera malo okhala ndi zingwe zokhuthala.
Kalasi B: Kuchedwa pang'ono kwa moto.
Kalasi C: Kuchedwa pang'ono kwa moto.
Kalasi D: Kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwa moto.
Njira: Chotetezera chingwe ndi chivundikirocho zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zoletsa moto (monga polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kapena polyolefins zoletsa moto).
Kukana Moto
Cholinga: Pakagwa moto, chingwecho chiyenera kukhala chokhoza kusunga umphumphu wa dera ndikutumiza mphamvu kapena zizindikiro nthawi zonse kwa nthawi (monga mphindi 90, mphindi 120). Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri poyatsira mapampu ozimitsa moto, makina otulutsa utsi, magetsi adzidzidzi, ndi makina ochenjeza.
Kukhazikitsa: Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika powonjezera gawo lapadera losapsa ndi moto (monga tepi ya mica) pakati pa kondakitala ndi chotenthetsera. Ngakhale chotenthetsera chakunja chitapsa, gawo losapsa ndi moto limateteza kondakitala ku kufupika kwa magetsi kutentha kwambiri.
Utsi Wochepa Ndi Wopanda Halogen
Cholinga: Pa moto, zingwe za PVC zachikhalidwe zimatulutsa utsi wambiri wochuluka komanso mpweya woopsa wa halogen acid, zomwe ndi zomwe zimayambitsa imfa chifukwa cha kupuma mpweya komanso poizoni. Zingwe zopanda utsi wambiri komanso zopanda halogen zimatulutsa utsi wochepa ndipo sizimatulutsa mpweya woipa wa halogen.
Mawonekedwe:
Utsi Wochepa: Kutumiza kuwala kwambiri.
Palibe Halogen: Mulibe zinthu za halogen monga fluorine, chlorine, bromine, ndi ayodini.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zopanda utsi wambiri, zopanda halogen (monga polyolefin yolumikizidwa ndi mtanda) pa chivundikiro ndi kutchinjiriza.
Chingwe Chotetezedwa ndi Mineral
Cholinga: Uwu ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa chingwe chosagwira moto, chomwe chimapereka kukana kwapadera kwa moto, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina.
Kapangidwe: Yopangidwa ndi conductor ya mkuwa yoyendetsa bwino kwambiri, choteteza mchere cha magnesium oxide cholimba kwambiri, ndi chidebe cha chubu cha mkuwa chopanda msoko.
Ubwino: Kukana moto kwambiri (mpaka maola angapo), kukana kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 1000°C), kukhala nthawi yayitali, komanso mphamvu yonyamula mphamvu zambiri.
Zoyipa: Zokwera mtengo ndipo zimafuna njira zamakono zoyikira.
Kuteteza Magwiridwe Antchito
Cholinga: Zimaletsa kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiromagineti akunja kuti asakhudze kutumiza kwa chizindikiro mkati mwa chingwe (monga zingwe zowongolera ndi zingwe za data), komanso zimaletsa minda ya ma elekitiromagineti mkati mwa chingwe kuti isasokoneze zida zakunja.
Kukhazikitsa: Kumawonjezera zigawo zotetezera monga zoluka zachitsulo kapena tepi yophatikizika ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki ku kapangidwe ka chingwe.
3. Kodi Mungasankhe Bwanji Chingwe Choyenera Chotetezera?
Posankha zingwe zotetezera, mfundo yakuti "chitetezo choyamba, kuyenerera choyamba" iyenera kutsatiridwa, poganizira zinthu zotsatirazi:
Malo Okhazikitsa:
Malo ozungulira: Zingwe wamba zoletsa moto zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
M'malo odzaza anthu komanso otsekeka (monga masitima apansi panthaka ndi ngalande): Zingwe zopanda utsi wambiri, zopanda halogen, komanso zoletsa moto ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pa ma circuit ofunikira omwe ali ndi zofunikira zoteteza moto: Zingwe zosagwira moto kapena zotetezedwa ndi mchere ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati pali kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiromagineti: Ma waya otetezedwa amafunika.
Zoganizira za Mtengo:
Chitetezo chikakhala chachikulu, mtengo wa chingwe umakhala wokwera. Payenera kukhala mgwirizano pakati pa zofunikira pa chitetezo ndi bajeti ya polojekiti. Komabe, pazigawo zotetezera moyo (monga chitetezo cha moto), miyezo siyenera kusokonezedwa kuti musunge ndalama.
Chidule: Zingwe zotetezera ndi moyo wa nyumba zamakono ndi mafakitale. Kumvetsetsa makhalidwe awo ofunikira, monga kuletsa moto, kukana moto, komanso kusatulutsa utsi wambiri, opanda halogen, komanso kusankha chingwe choyenera kutengera momwe ntchito ikuyendera komanso malamulo achitetezo, ndiye maziko owonetsetsa kuti makina amagetsi akugwira ntchito bwino komanso modalirika, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa moto, komanso kuteteza miyoyo. Mukasankha, musamangoyang'ana mtengo, komanso samalani ndi magwiridwe antchito achitetezo komanso chitsimikizo cha khalidwe la chinthu chomwe chili kumbuyo kwake.