Uburyo bwo gukoresha neza fibre optique

Sisitemu za Fiber Optical
Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe uburyo bwo gukoresha neza imigozi y'urumuri no kongera imiterere yayo, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa imiterere yayo, impamvu zituma ikwirakwira ry'urumuri rigabanuka, n'ibisubizo byayo.

Imiterere y'igabanuka ry'ihererekanya ry'ingufu z'urumuri ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigena intera yo guhererekanya, guhagarara, no kwizerana kwabyo Umuyoboro w'urumuris. Impamvu zitera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kohereza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi zirimo ibintu byinshi. Mu kubaka no kubungabunga imiyoboro y'itumanaho ya miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho ni impamvu zitera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kohereza imiyoboro mu gihe cyo gukoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyo bihombo. Ibihombo biterwa no gukoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bikubiye mu byiciro bibiri: igihombo cyo gushyira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (igihombo cy'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, igihombo cyo gushyira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, n'igihombo cyo gushyira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi) n'igihombo cyo kudashyira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi (igihombo cyo guhindagurika n'igihombo giterwa n'ibindi bintu by'ubwubatsi n'aho bikorerwa).

1. Igihombo cyo gufunga ibice n'ibisubizo byacyo

1.1 Igihombo cyo guhuza ibice

Igihombo cyo guhuza fibre gikubiyemo ahanini ubwoko butatu: igihombo giterwa n’ibintu bitera fibre mu mubiri n’igihombo cyo guhuza fibre mu mubiri n’igihombo giterwa n’ibintu bitera fibre mu mubiri.

(1) Gutakaza Fibre Biterwa ahanini n'ibintu bine: kudahuza Uburyo bwa Fibre Ubugari bw'umurima; kudahuza kwa fibre core; igice cy'umurambararo wa fibre kidakora nk'uruziga; hamwe no kuba hagati y'umurambararo wa fibre n'aho ipfundikirwa. Muri ibi, ubugari bw'umurambararo wa fibre buhindagurika cyane bigira ingaruka zikomeye. (2) Gutakaza ihuriro: Gutakaza ihuriro ry'imirongo biterwa ahanini no kudahuza neza kw'umurongo; kugorama k'umurongo (inguni yo kugonda); gutandukana kw'inyuma n'inyuma (icyuho); isura y'inyuma ya fibre idakora; itandukaniro ry'umurongo wa refractive; isura y'inyuma ya fibre idakora; n'ibindi bintu nk'urwego rw'ubuhanga bw'umukoresha, uburyo bwo gukora, isuku ya electrodes za splicer za fusion, imiterere ya parameter za fusion, n'isuku y'aho akazi gakorerwa.

(3) Gutakaza umurongo: Gutakaza umurongo w'imbere biterwa ahanini n'ubwiza bubi bw'umurongo w'imbere, gukorana nabi, umwanda, hamwe n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bisa no gutakaza umurongo w'imbere (nk'ihindagurika ry'umurongo w'imbere, icyuho cy'inyuma, inguni yo kugonda, itandukaniro ry'umurongo w'imbere, nibindi).

1.2 Ibisubizo ku Gutakaza Igice

(1) Imigozi y'urumuri ifite imiterere ihamye kandi ijyanye n'imiterere ikwiye gutoranywa mu gushushanya, kubaka no kubungabunga. Imigozi y'urumuri ifite imiterere myiza kandi idafite imiterere iturutse mu itsinda rimwe igomba gukoreshwa ku murongo umwe uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo imiterere y'imigozi ihuzwe neza uko bishoboka kose, bigabanye ingaruka z'umurambararo w'ubutaka ku gutakaza fibre. (2) Insinga ya Fiber Optic Gushyiraho bigomba gukorwa neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza n'ibisabwa.

Mu gihe utegura imigozi y'insinga, gerageza gukoresha imigozi yose (buri mugozi ≥ metero 500) kugira ngo ugabanye umubare w'ingingo. Mu gihe cyo gushyiramo imigozi, kurikiza neza umubare w'imigozi n'uruhererekane rw'impera kugira ngo ugabanye igihombo.

(3) Hitamo abakozi b'inararibonye kandi bahuguwe neza mu gufunga no gupima.

Ubuhanga bw'abakozi bahuza imiterere y'amajwi bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gutakaza kwa splicing. Abakozi bahuza imiterere y'amajwi bagomba gukurikiza cyane inzira yo guhuza imiterere y'amajwi ya fiber optic, kugenzura cyane gutakaza kw'ingingo, no gukurikirana buri gihe inzira yo guhuza hakoreshejwe optique time domain reflectometer (OTDR) (gutakaza kwa splicing ≤ 0.08 dB/inyunganizi). Inyunganizi zose zitujuje ibisabwa zigomba kongera guhindurwa. Mu gihe ukoresha OTDR, gutakaza kw'ingingo bigomba gupimwa mu byerekezo bibiri, kandi impuzandengo y'ibi bisubizo bibiri igomba kubarwa kugira ngo hakurweho amakosa y'abantu mu bipimo bya OTDR bireba mu cyerekezo kimwe. (4) Menya neza ko ibidukikije bihuza imiterere y'amajwi byujuje ibisabwa.

Gukorera hanze birabujijwe cyane ahantu hari ivumbi n'ubushuhe. Aho gushyira uduce, ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bigomba kubungabungwa bisukuye. Ibikoresho bya fibre optique ntibigomba kwemererwa ko bitose. Insinga ya Fiber Optic gucibwa bigomba kuba bisukuye kandi bidafite umwanda. Nyuma yo gucibwa, Insinga ya Fiber Optic Ntigomba gushyirwa mu kirere igihe kirekire, cyane cyane ahantu hari ivumbi n'ubushuhe. Niba ubushyuhe bw'ikirere buri hasi cyane, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikenewe zo gushyushya.

(5) Tegura isura nziza ya fiber optic

Gutegura isura ya fiber optique ni intambwe y'ingenzi cyane mu guhuza fiber optique. Kugira imiterere myiza y'isura ya fiber optique ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigena igabanuka ry'isura ya fiber optique. Isura nziza igomba kuba irambuye, idafite uduce duto cyangwa inenge, kandi igororotse ku ruhande rw'umurongo. Inguni y'isura ya fiber optique igomba kuba munsi ya dogere 0.3, ikagaragaza ubuso bw'indorerwamo buto kandi burambuye, kandi ikagumana isuku kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'umukungugu. Hagomba gutoranywa icyuma cyiza kandi gikoreshwa neza mu gukata fibre. Gusukura, gukata no guhuza Fibre y'ubururu Igomba kuba ifatanye cyane kandi idatandukanijwe cyane. Fata imigozi y'urumuri witonze kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'inyuma y'imigozi ku bindi bintu.

(6) Gukoresha neza Fusion Splicer

Gukoresha neza splicer ya fusion ni garanti ikomeye kandi ni ingenzi mu kugabanya igihombo cya splice ya optique.

① Kurikiza neza amabwiriza n'uburyo bwo gukoresha fusion splicer kugira ngo uyikoreshe neza.

② Shyira fibre optique neza. Mu gihe ushyira fibre mu gice cya V cy'umuyoboro wa fusion, uyifate witonze. Ibi biterwa nuko kuri fibre imwe ifite umurambararo wa 10 nm, niba hakenewe igihombo cya splice kiri munsi ya 0.1 dB, radial offset y'umurongo wa fibre igomba kuba munsi ya 0.8 nm.

③ Shyiraho ibipimo byo guhuza (umuyoboro wa mbere wo gusohora, igihe, umuyoboro w'ingenzi wo gusohora, igihe cyo gusohora, nibindi) neza kandi mu buryo bukwiye ukurikije ubwoko bwa fibre.

④ Kura umukungugu muri fusion splicer vuba mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha na nyuma yo kuyikoresha (cyane cyane ivumbi n'uduce twa fibre mu byuma bipfundikiye, indorerwamo, na V-groove). ⑤ Igihe cy'ubuzima cya fusion splicer electrode muri rusange ni hafi 2000 cycles. Nyuma yo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire, electrode izashiramo oxidation, bigatuma habaho flow nyinshi kandi igabanuka ry'uruvange. Muri iki gihe, electrode ishobora gukurwaho, igahanagurwa buhoro buhoro n'ipamba itose mu by'ubuvuzi, hanyuma igashyirwa kuri fusion splicer kugira ngo isukure flow. Niba flow nyinshi nyuma yo gusukurwa inshuro nyinshi, electrode igomba gusimburwa.

(7) Koresha imiyoboro yimukanwa yujuje ibisabwa kandi ikora neza igihe cyose bishoboka, urebe neza ko imikorere y’imiyoboro yujuje amabwiriza ajyanye n’ibyo. Igihombo cyo gushyiramo imiyoboro kigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 0.3 dB/umuyoboro (cyangwa ndetse no munsi), kandi igihombo cy’inyongera ntikigomba kurenga 0.2 dB/umuyoboro.

(8) Ibikoresho byimukanwa bigomba guhuzwa neza no gufatanywa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko urumuri rusohoka.

(9) Menya neza ko icyuma gihuza ibintu cyimukanwa gisukuye.

Mu gihe cyo kubaka no gusana, witondere gusukura plagi na adaptateri (flange) kandi urebe neza ko icyumba cy'imashini n'ibikoresho bisukuye. Irinde ko umwanda n'umukungugu byagera kuri plagi na adaptateri (flange) kugira ngo ugabanye igihombo gikwirakwira.