Zisebenza kanjani izintambo ze-fiber optic?
Isimiso Esiyinhloko: Ukuzindla Kwangaphakathi Okuphelele
Isimiso esiyinhloko sokusebenza kwe-fiber optic ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele. Kalula nje, ukukhanya kugijima ngaphakathi kwentambo encane yengilazi, njengebhola epayipini, ngaphandle kokuvuza.
Izingxenye ze-a Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic
A Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo, kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle:
Ingqikithi: Intambo yengilazi ephakathi, encane kakhulu, ehlanzekile kakhulu lapho ukukhanya kusakazeka khona.
Ukubopha: Olunye ungqimba lwengilazi noma lwepulasitiki oluzungeze umongo, olunenkomba yokukhanya ephansi kuneyomongo. Lo mehluko kunkomba yokukhanya uyisihluthulelo sokufeza ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele.
Ukugqoka: Isembozo sepulasitiki esivikela ngokuyinhloko ingaphakathi kanye nokumbozwa emswakama, ekukhubekeni nasekuqhekekeni.
Amalungu Amandla: Ngokuvamile i-Kevlar (i-fiber eqinile yokwenziwa) isetshenziselwa ukwandisa amandla ekhebula futhi ivimbele ukuthi lingaphuki ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
Ijakethi: Isikhwama sepulasitiki esingaphandle esivikela ikhebula lonke.
Inqubo yokusebenza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Isinyathelo 1: Ukuguqulwa kwesignali (isignali kagesi → isignali yokukhanya)
Ulwazi (njengamakhasi ewebhu, amavidiyo, izingcingo) luqala lukhona ngesimo sezimpawu zikagesi kumadivayisi kagesi (njenge-router namakhompyutha). Ekupheleni kokuthumela kohlelo lwe-fiber optic, kukhona i-transmitter noma umthombo wokukhanya (ngokuvamile i-laser diode noma i-LED ye-light-emitting diode). Le divayisi iyavula futhi icime ngokushesha ngokwephethini ethi "vula" (1) kanye "vala" (0) yesignali kagesi, okudala uchungechunge lwama-pulse okukhanya.
Isinyathelo 2: Ukudluliswa kokukhanya ngaphakathi kwefayibha (ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele)
Lezi zinhlayiya zokukhanya zifakwa enkabeni yefayibha. Lapho ukukhanya kuzama ukuhamba kusuka enkabeni (inkomba ephezulu yokugqama) kuya embotsheni (inkomba ephansi yokugqama), kubonakala emngceleni ophakathi kwezinto ezimbili.
Ngenxa yokuthi inkomba yokukhanya kwe-cladding iphansi, ukukhanya akuphindi kuphume, kodwa kubonakala ngokuphelele emuva enkabeni.
Le nqubo yenzeka izikhathi eziyizigidi ngomzuzwana ngaphakathi kwefayibha, futhi ukukhanya kudlula ngendlela egobile njengepayipi elibukwayo, kuhamba ngefayibha kuya endaweni ekude ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla amaningi.
Isinyathelo 3: Ukudluliselwa Kwesignali (Kokudluliselwa Kwebanga Elide)
Ngisho noma kunokulahleka kwe-optical fiber okuphansi kakhulu, amasignali optical asabuthakathaka ngemva kokuhamba amabanga amade (njengezintambo zasolwandle ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle). Ngakho-ke, ama-repeater noma ama-amplifier optical ayadingeka endleleni.
Ama-amplifier okubona: Khulisa ngqo amandla amasignali okubona ngaphandle kokuwaguqula abe amasignali kagesi.
Abaphindaphindayo: Thola izimpawu zokukhanya ezibuthakathaka, uziguqule zibe izimpawu zikagesi, uzihlanze futhi uzikhulise, bese uziguqula zibe izimpawu zokukhanya ukuze ziqhubeke nokudluliselwa.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukwamukelwa Nokuguqulwa Kwesignali (Optical to Electrical)
Uma ukukhanya kushaya kufika ekugcineni kokwamukela, umshini wokubona ukukhanya (ngokuvamile i-photodiode) uthola la mazinga okukhanya ahlukahlukene.
I-detector iguqula amaphethini "okuvula" kanye "nokuvala" ama-light pulses abe ama-electric pulses ahambisanayo (ama-1 kanye nama-0).
Ekugcineni, idivayisi eyamukelayo (njengekhompyutha yakho noma ifoni) iqopha lezi zimpawu zikagesi bese ibuyisela isithombe sokuqala, umbhalo, noma ulwazi lomsindo.
Kungani i-optical fiber ingcono kangaka? Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko
I-bandwidth ephezulu kakhulu kanye nesivinini: Imvamisa ephezulu kakhulu yamaza okukhanya isho ukuthi ingathwala idatha eningi kakhulu. Lesi yisisekelo se-gigabit kanye ne-inthanethi eshesha kakhulu. I-fiber eyodwa ye-optical ingathwala idatha eningi kakhulu kunekhebula lethusi elinobukhulu obufanayo.
Ukuncishiswa okuphansi: Amasignali alahlekelwa amandla amancane ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa nge-optical fiber, okusho ukuthi angahamba ibanga elide ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwandiswa. Isibonelo, amasignali e-optical fiber adinga ukwandiswa njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-50, kuyilapho amakhebula ethusi edinga njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-5.
Ukungaphazanyiswa yi-electromagnetic: I-optical fibre yenziwe ngengilazi, i-dielectric. Ayithinteki nhlobo ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwangaphandle (njengombani, izintambo zikagesi ezinamandla aphezulu, kanye nokuba seduze nezinjini), futhi ayikhiqizi imisebe ye-electromagnetic, okuholela ezimpawini ezizinzile nezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuphepha okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya akukwazi ukuvuza kusuka kuma-optical fibers (ngaphandle kokuthi kugobe ngamabomu kube ngokweqile), ukudluliselwa kwedatha kunzima ukukuzwa, okwenza kuphephe kakhulu kunezintambo zethusi.
Ilula futhi incane: I-optical fibre incane futhi ilula kune-copper wire, inzuzo enkulu ezindaweni ezinesikhala esincane se-duct.