Izimpawu Zingahamba Kangakanani Kumakhebula E-Fiber Optic: Ukuqonda Ukulinganiselwa Namakhono
Ikhebula le-Fiber OpticAma-s abe umgogodla wezinhlelo zokuxhumana zesimanje. Adlulisela idatha ngesimo sezimpawu ezibonakalayo ngemicu yengilazi encane noma yepulasitiki. Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze Ikhebula le-Fiber Optics yikhono labo lokudlulisa idatha emabangeni amade ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesiginali. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izici ezithinta ibanga isiginali engahamba kulo Ikhebula le-Fiber Optics.
Izisekelo Zokudlulisela I-Fiber Optic Ikhebula le-Fiber Optics zisebenzisa amasignali optical ukudlulisa idatha emabangeni amade. Isignali optical ikhiqizwa yi-laser noma i-light-emitting diode (LED) bese idluliselwa nge-optical fiber. I-photodetector ngakolunye uhlangothi lwekhebula bese ithola isignali optical bese iyiguqula ibe isignali kagesi. Idlulisela idatha phezu Ikhebula le-Fiber OpticI-s ishesha futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu kunokusebenzisa izintambo zethusi zendabuko.
Izici Ezithinta Ibanga Lesignali Izici eziningana zithinta ibanga isignali engahamba kulo Ikhebula le-Fiber Optics. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuncipha kwamandla esignali njengoba ukukhanya kuhamba ngefayibha. Ukuncipha kwanda ngebanga isignali yokukhanya ehamba ngalo.
Ezinye izici ezithinta ibanga lesiginali zifaka phakathi ukuhlakazeka, ukusabalala kwesiginali yokukhanya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nesilinganiso sedatha, inani ledatha edluliselwa ngesikhathi ngasinye.
Amaphuzu Ayinhloko
1. Ikhebula le-Fiber Optics idlulisela idatha ngesimo sezimpawu ezibonakalayo ngengilazi encane noma imicu yepulasitiki ebonakalayo.
2. Ibanga lokudlulisela lesignali ku- Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic kuthinteka ukuncishiswa, ukuhlakazeka, kanye nesilinganiso sedatha.
3. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe inyuse ibanga eliphezulu lokudlulisela amasignali ku Ikhebula le-Fiber Optics.
Isakhiwo se-Fiber Optic
Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic iyintambo encane, eguquguqukayo, esobala noma intambo eyenziwe ngengilazi noma ngepulasitiki, esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali okubona ibanga elide ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kwekhwalithi yesignali. Yakhiwe umgogodla kanye ne-cladding. Umgogodla uyingxenye ephakathi yefayibha lapho ukukhanya kusakazeka khona, kanti i-cladding ungqimba lwangaphandle oluzungeze umgogodla bese lubuyisela ukukhanya kuwo.
Ingaphakathi kanye ne-cladding zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene ezinezinkomba ezahlukene zokubuyisa, okuvumela ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele.
Ingaphakathi le-optical fiber ngokuvamile lenziwa ngengilazi noma ngepulasitiki. I-single-mode fiber inobubanzi obungaba ama-micrometer angu-9, kuyilapho i-multimode fiber inobubanzi obungama-micrometer angu-50-62.5. I-cladding nayo yenziwe ngengilazi noma ngepulasitiki, ene-refractive index ephansi kancane kunengaphakathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kuhlala ngaphakathi kwengaphakathi.
Ukudluliselwa Kwesignali kanye Nokubonakaliswa Kwangaphakathi Okuphelele
Uma i-optical pulse ingena ku- I-Fiber Core, iqondiswa eceleni kwefayibha ngokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele. Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele kwenzeka lapho i-engeli yokwenzeka kwe-optical pulse inkulu kune-engeli ebalulekile, enqunywa yizinkomba zokukhanya ze-core kanye ne-cladding. I-optical pulse ibonakala endaweni ephakathi kwe-core kanye ne-cladding, okuvumela ukuthi isakazeke eceleni kwefayibha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwekhwalithi yesiginali.
Ibanga isignali engasakazeka ngalo phezu kwekhebula le-optical fiber lincike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yekhebula, ubude bokukhanya, kanye namandla omthombo wokukhanya. Ngokuvamile, i-fiber yemodi eyodwa ingadlulisela izimpawu emabangeni amade kune-fiber yemodi eminingi ngoba ububanzi bayo obuyinhloko buncane, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesignali.
Ngamafuphi, i-optical fiber iyindlela ephumelelayo nethembekile yokudlulisa ulwazi olukude. Isakhiwo sayo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwayo kwangaphakathi okuphelele kunciphisa ukulahleka kwekhwalithi yesiginali, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kwezokuxhumana, ukuxhumana, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudlulisa idatha.
Ukuncipha Nokulahlekelwa Yisignali
Ukuncishiswa kwamandla esignali kwenzeka kancane kancane njengoba sidlula kukhebula le-optical fiber. Lokhu kubangelwa izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukumuncwa, ukuhlakazeka, kanye nokubonakaliswa. Ukuncishiswa kwamandla ezintambo ze-optical fiber kulinganiswa ngama-decibel ngekhilomitha (dB/km). Uma ukuncishiswa kukhulu, ibanga elingasakazeka lifushane.
Ukulahleka kwesignali kungenye into ethinta ibanga lokudluliselwa kwesignali ezintanjeni ze-optical fiber. Ukulahleka kwesignali kungabangelwa ukuncipha, kodwa futhi kungabangelwa ezinye izinto ezifana nezixhumi, ama-splices, kanye nokugoba kwekhebula. Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla esignali kulinganiswa ngama-decibel (dB).
Ukusabalala kuwukusabalala kwama-pulse okukhanya njengoba esakazeka ezintanjeni ze-optical fiber. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokusabalala: ukusabalala kwe-modal kanye nokusabalala kwe-chromatic.
Ukusabalala kwe-modal kwenzeka ezintanjeni ze-fiber optical ze-multimode, lapho izindlela ezahlukene zokukhanya zisakazeka khona ngesivinini esihlukile. Ukusabalala kwe-Chromatic kwenzeka kokubili ezintanjeni ze-fiber optical ze-single-mode kanye ne-multimode, lapho ubude bamaza obuhlukahlukene bokukhanya busakazeka khona ngesivinini esihlukile.
Umkhawulo wobubanzi bomkhawulo we-bandwidth ungenye into ethinta ibanga lokudlulisela amasignali kumakhebula e-optical fiber. Ububanzi bomkhawulo wekhebula le-optical fiber bububanzi bemvamisa engabusekela. Njengoba ububanzi bomkhawulo bukhula, ibanga isignali engalisakaza liyancipha ngokulinganayo.
Uhlobo lwekhebula le-optical fiber elisetshenziswayo luthinta nebanga lokudlulisela lesignali. Izintambo ze-optical fiber zemodi eyodwa zenzelwe ukudlulisela ibanga elide futhi zinobubanzi obuncane obuphakathi kunezintambo ze-optical fiber zemodi eziningi.
Imodi Eningi Ikhebula le-Fiber Opticama-s aklanyelwe ukudlulisa ibanga elifushane futhi anobubanzi obukhulu kunemodi eyodwa. Ikhebula le-Fiber Optics. Izici ze- Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic, njengenkomba yayo yokukhanya kanye nokuvulwa kwenombolo, nakho kuthinta ibanga isignali engasakazeka ngalo.
Ngamafuphi, ibanga isignali engasakazeka kulo Ikhebula le-Fiber OpticI-s ithonywa izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukuncishiswa komsindo, ukulahleka kwesignali, ukuhlakazeka, ukulinganiselwa komkhawulokudonsa, kanye nohlobo lwe- Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic Kusetshenziswe. Ukuqonda lezi zici kuvumela ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi e-fiber optic akwazi ukudlulisa izimpawu emabangeni amade ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kwesignali.
Ibanga isignali engasakazeka ngalo ezintanjeni ze-fiber optic linqunywa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yesidluliseli kanye ne-laser esetshenziswayo. Isignali ekhiqizwa yi-transmitter idluliselwa ngentambo ye-fiber optic, kuyilapho i-laser isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa isignali nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwayo ibanga elide.
Ububanzi be-spectral be-laser buyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho kunqunywa ibanga eliphezulu isignali engasakazeka ngalo ezintanjeni ze-fiber optic. Ama-laser anobubanzi be-spectral obuncane angadlulisela izimpawu ebangeni elide ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhulisa.
Ama-amplifier nama-repeater nawo ayizinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho kunqunywa ibanga eliphezulu isignali engasakazeka ngalo ezintanjeni ze-fiber optic. Ama-amplifier asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa amandla esignali, kuyilapho ama-repeater esetshenziselwa ukuvuselela isignali nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwayo ibanga elide ngaphandle kokuwohloka.
Eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza, ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu lanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwekhebula le-fiber optic lingamakhilomitha ayi-100. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga amabanga amade kakhulu. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, izintambo ze-fiber optic ezinezimpawu ezikhethekile zokuhlakazeka noma ukukhulisa zingadingeka.
Ukuphazamiseka kanye Nokuphazamiseka Kwe-Electromagnetic
Ukuphazamiseka kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) nakho kunciphisa ibanga elingahanjwa yisignali ezintanjeni ze-fiber optic. I-EMI ingabangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa neminye imishini kagesi, izintambo zikagesi, ngisho nokushaya kombani.
Ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yokuphazamiseka kanye ne-EMI, izintambo ze-fiber optic zivame ukuvikelwa futhi zibekwe phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo ze-fiber optic zivame ukungcwatshwa ngaphansi komhlaba noma zigijime ngemigudu evikelayo ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuphazamiseka kanye ne-EMI.
Ngamafuphi, ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu isignali engahamba ngalo kukhebula le-fiber optic lincike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yama-transmitter nama-laser asetshenziswayo, ama-amplifier nama-repeater asetshenziswayo, kanye nengozi yokuphazamiseka kanye ne-EMI. Ngokucabanga ngokucophelela ngalezi zici, amasignali angadluliselwa amabanga amade ngaphandle kokuwohloka.
Izintambo ze-fibre optic zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezokuxhumana ngoba zingadlulisa idatha emabangeni amade ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla esignali okukhulu.
Izinkampani zokuxhumana zisebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optic ukuhlinzeka abathengi nge-inthanethi esheshayo, ithelevishini yekhebula, kanye nezinsizakalo zocingo. Izikhungo zedatha nazo zisebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optic ukuxhuma amaseva neminye imishini yenethiwekhi emabangeni amade.
Amanethiwekhi Endawo Yendawo (ama-LAN) kanye Nokuxhumana
Izintambo ze-fibre optic nazo zisetshenziswa kuma-Local Area Networks (ama-LAN) ukuxhuma amadivayisi nokuhlinzeka ngokuxhumeka okusheshayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-fibre optic kuma-LAN kuye kwaba yinto evamile ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo sokudluliselwa kwedatha okusheshayo. Izintambo ze-fibre optic zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amaswishi, ama-router, kanye neminye imishini yenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo noma emakhampasi.
Izindinganiso Zemboni Nokuthobela
I-Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) ithuthukise amazinga ekhebula le-fiber optic ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kanye nokuhambisana phakathi kwemikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Lezi zindinganiso zichaza ibanga elikhulu amasignali angadluliselwa ngezintambo ze-fiber optic kanye nezinhlobo zezixhumi okufanele zisetshenziswe.
Isibonelo, indinganiso ye-TIA 1000BASE-SX icacisa ibanga eliphakeme lamamitha angu-550 kusetshenziswa isixhumi se-LC esigcwele duplex phezu kwefayibha ye-multimode. Indinganiso ye-10GBASE-SR icacisa ibanga eliphakeme lamamitha angu-300 kusetshenziswa isixhumi se-LC esigcwele duplex phezu kwefayibha ye-multimode. Indinganiso ye-40GBASE-SR4 icacisa ibanga eliphakeme lamamitha ayi-100 lokusebenzisa izixhumi ze-MPO kufayibha ye-multimode.
Ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zemboni kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwezintambo ze-fiber optic kanye nokunikeza ukuxhumana okuthembekile.