Izintambo ze-Optical Fiber kuzinhlelo zamandla zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana

Ukufakwa kwezintambo zefayibha yokubona ezinhlelweni zamandla kusebenzisa izakhiwo eziqondisa ukukhanya zefayibha yokubona ukuguqula inani elilinganisiwe libe ushintsho oluhambisanayo ezicini zokukhanya (njengokuqina, isigaba, isimo se-polarization, imvamisa, noma ubude be-wavelength). Le nqubo ihilela ukudlulisa ukukhanya okuvela emthonjeni ngefayibha yokubona kuye ku-modulator. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuguquguquka, ipharamitha elinganiswayo ixhumana nokukhanya okungenayo, okubangela ushintsho ezicini zokukhanya zokukhanya (isb., amandla, ubude be-wavelength, imvamisa, isigaba, isimo se-polarization, njll.). Lokhu kukhanya okuguquliwe—okubizwa ngokuthi “ukukhanya kwesignali okuguquliwe”—kube sekudluliselwa ngenye ifayibha iye ku-photodetector, lapho idlula khona ekususweni ukuze iveze inani lepharamitha elilinganisiwe.

Izinzwa ze-fiber optical ezithuthukisiwe zinozwela oluphakeme kakhulu kunezinzwa zendabuko, futhi ziyakwazi ukukala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ezahlukene zobuningi obuphathekayo. Ngamafuphi, zinikeza izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. **Ukunemba Okuphezulu Nokusabela:** Zibonisa ukunemba okuphezulu, isivinini sokuphendula okusheshayo, ububanzi bokusebenza obuqondile, ukuphindaphindeka okuhle kakhulu, kanye nesilinganiso esiphakeme sesignali kuya komsindo wezibonakaliso ezitholiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwezintambo ze-optical ngobuningi, izindleko ziphansi, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwazo kusabalale kabanzi.

2. **Ukuphepha Okuphezulu Nokuthembeka:** Njengoba imicu ye-optical yakhiwe ngezinto ze-dielectric (ngokuvamile i-quartz) futhi idlulisela izimpawu ze-optical kunezo zikagesi, inikeza ukuphepha nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Inamandla okuzivikela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic futhi ifaneleka kahle ukusebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi—njengalezo ezitholakala embonini yamandla, uphethiloli, amakhemikhali, kanye ne-metallurgical—lapho kungase kube nezimo ezivuthayo, eziqhumayo, noma ezinobuthi.

3. **Ukumelana Nemvelo Okuqinile:** Zibonisa ukumelana okunamandla nokugqwala nokungcola, zingasebenza kahle ezindaweni ezinokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, zibonisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zokuguga isikhathi eside, futhi ziphila isikhathi eside.

4. **Umklamo Omncane Nolula:** Zincane ngobukhulu, zilula, kulula ukuzifaka, futhi zivumelana nezimo ezithile zemvelo zento elinganiswayo.

5. **Ukusebenza Okungasebenzi:** Imicu ye-optical iyimishini engasebenzi; isebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokufaka amandla kagesi ohlelweni, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sento elinganiswayo asiphazamiseki.

6. **Amakhono Okulinganisa Ahlukahlukene:** Ahlanganisa ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulinganisa. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa ze-optical fiber ezitholakalayo—ngasinye sinezici zokusebenza ezihlukile—ezikwazi ukulinganisa ubuningi obuhlukahlukene bomzimba, amakhemikhali, kanye nobezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukufuduka, ijubane, amazinga oketshezi, kanye nemisebe yenuzi.

7. **Ukuhlanganiswa Kwenethiwekhi Nokuqapha Okukude:** Zenza kube lula ukwenza i-multiplexing ibe lula ukuze kutholakale amaphuzu amaningi futhi zibonise ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokudlulisela. Ngenxa yalokho, zifaneleka kahle ekwakheni amanethiwekhi okulinganisa avumela ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile, kwesikhathi sangempela okukude ezindaweni eziningi. Njengendlela yokudlulisa idatha ene-bandwidth ephezulu kanye nephephile kakhulu, ama-fiber optics asetshenziswa kabanzi kumanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene amakhulu naphakathi. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokufaka izintambo kanye nemishini, ama-fiber optics asetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-network backbones—ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwezintambo okuhlelekile kwe-vertical backbone subsystems kanye ne-campus backbone subsystems—ukuze kube lula ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwezakhiwo kanye ne-inter-floor. Njengamanje, asetshenziswa nasezinhlelweni zezintambo ezivundlile lapho isivinini sokudlulisa esiphezulu kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kuyizidingo ezibalulekile.