Izisekelo Zekhebula Lokuphepha

1. Iyini ikhebula lokuphepha?

Ikhebula lokuphepha alilona uhlobo oluthile lwekhebula; lingumqondo osebenzayo. Ngokubanzi libhekisela ezintanjeni eziqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kokudluliswa kwamandla, ukulawulwa kwesignali, kanye nokuxhumana ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu noma eziyingozi, futhi zivimbela ngempumelelo izingozi ezifana nomlilo, ukushaqeka kukagesi, umonakalo wemishini, noma ukwehluleka kohlelo okubangelwa izinkinga zekhebula.

Inani labo eliyinhloko lisekuvikeleni "ukuphepha kokuphila kanye nempahla."

2. Izici Eziyinhloko Nezidingo Zobuchwepheshe Zezintambo Zokuphepha
Izintambo zokuphepha zibhekwa “njengeziphephile” ngoba zinesici esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezilandelayo ezibalulekile:

Ukuphelelwa yilangatye

Inhloso: Kuvimbela amalangabi ukuthi angasabalali eduze kwentambo, kuvimbele imililo emincane ukuthi ibe yizinhlekelele ezinkulu.

Izindinganiso: Ukuhlukaniswa kusekelwe ekubambezelekeni komlilo (isb., izindinganiso ze-IEC):

Isigaba A: Ukushisa komlilo okuphezulu kakhulu, kufanelekile ezindaweni ezinezintambo eziqinile.

Isigaba B: Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi komlilo okumaphakathi.

Isigaba C: Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi komlilo okumaphakathi.

Isigaba D: Ukuncipha kokushisa komlilo.

Indlela: Ukufakwa kwekhebula kanye ne-sheath kwenziwe ngezinto ezivimbela ilangabi (njenge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) evimbela ilangabi noma ama-polyolefin avimbela ilangabi).

Ukumelana Nomlilo

Inhloso: Uma kwenzeka umlilo, ikhebula kumele likwazi ukugcina ubuqotho besekethe futhi lidlulise amandla noma izimpawu ngokujwayelekile isikhathi esithile (isb., imizuzu engama-90, imizuzu eyi-120). Lokhu kubalulekile ekunikezeni amandla amaphampu omlilo, izinhlelo zokukhipha intuthu, izibani eziphuthumayo, kanye nezinhlelo ze-alamu.

Ukuqaliswa: Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngokufaka ungqimba olukhethekile olungashisi (njenge-mica tape) phakathi komqhubi kanye nomshini wokushisa. Ngisho noma umshini wokushisa wangaphandle usha, ungqimba olungashisi luvikela umqhubi ekunqandeni kwe-circuit emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Intuthu Ephansi kanye Nokungabi Ne-Halogen

Inhloso: Emlilweni, izintambo ze-PVC zendabuko zikhiqiza intuthu eningi exinene kanye namagesi e-halogen acid anobuthi, okuyizimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa ngenxa yokufutha kanye nobuthi. Izintambo ezingenantuthu eningi, ezingenayo i-halogen zikhiqiza amazinga aphansi entuthu futhi azikhiqizi amagesi e-halogen anobuthi.

Izici:

Intuthu Ephansi: Ukudlulisa ukukhanya okuphezulu.

Ayinayo i-Halogen: Ayinazo izakhi ze-halogen ezifana ne-fluorine, i-chlorine, i-bromine, ne-iodine.

Ukusetshenziswa: Sebenzisa izinto ezingenayo intuthu eningi, ezingenayo i-halogen (njenge-polyolefin exhunywe nge-cross-linked) ukuze ufake i-sheath kanye ne-insulation.

Ikhebula Elifakwe Ukushisa Kwamaminerali

Inhloso: Lolu uhlobo oluphelele lwekhebula elingashisi, elinikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nomlilo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, kanye nomonakalo wemishini.

Isakhiwo: Sakhiwe ngomshini wethusi oqhuba kahle kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwamaminerali we-magnesium oxide okuhlanganisiwe kakhulu, kanye nomgodi wepayipi yethusi ongenamthungo.

Izinzuzo: Ukumelana nomlilo okuphezulu (kuze kufike emahoreni amaningana), ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (kuze kufike ku-1000°C), impilo ende, kanye nomthamo wokuthwala wamandla aphezulu.

Okubi: Kubiza kakhulu futhi kudinga amasu okufaka ayinkimbinkimbi.

Ukusebenza Kokuvikela

Inhloso: Ivimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwangaphandle ukuthi kungathinti ukudluliswa kwesignali ngaphakathi kwekhebula (njengezintambo zokulawula kanye nezintambo zedatha), kuyilapho futhi ivimbela amasimu e-electromagnetic ngaphakathi kwekhebula ukuthi aphazamise amadivayisi angaphandle.

Ukuqaliswa: Kufaka izendlalelo zokuvikela ezifana nama-braids ensimbi noma i-aluminium-plastic composite tape esakhiweni sekhebula.

3. Ungayikhetha Kanjani Ikhebula Lokuphepha Elifanele?

Uma ukhetha izintambo zokuphepha, kufanele kulandelwe isimiso esithi "ukuphepha kuqala, ukufaneleka kuqala", kucatshangelwa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

Indawo Yokufaka:

Izindawo ezijwayelekile: Izintambo ezivamile ezivimbela umlilo zingasetshenziswa.

Ezindaweni eziminyene nezivalekile (njengemigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba kanye nemihubhe): Kumelwe kusetshenziswe izintambo ezingenantuthu eningi, ezingenayo i-halogen, ezingashisi ilangabi.

Kumasekethe abalulekile anezidingo zokuvikela umlilo: Kumelwe kusetshenziswe izintambo ezingamelani nomlilo noma ezifakwe ugesi wamaminerali.

Lapho kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic: Kudingeka izintambo ezivikelwe.

Izinto Okucatshangelwayo Ngezindleko:

Uma izinga lokuphepha liphezulu, izindleko zekhebula ziphakeme. Kumelwe kulinganiswe phakathi kwezimfuneko zokuphepha kanye nesabelomali sephrojekthi. Kodwa-ke, kumasekethe okuphepha empilweni (njengokuvikela umlilo), izindinganiso akumelwe neze zibekwe engcupheni ukuze kongiwe imali.

Isifinyezo: Izintambo zokuphepha ziwumthombo wokuphila kwezakhiwo zesimanje nezindawo zezimboni. Ukuqonda izakhiwo zazo eziyinhloko, njengokuvimbela ilangabi, ukumelana nomlilo, kanye nomusi ophansi, ongenayo i-halogen, nokukhetha ikhebula elifanele ngokusekelwe esimweni esithile sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nemithetho yokuphepha, kuyitshe eliyisisekelo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwamandla oluphephile noluthembekile, ukunciphisa umonakalo womlilo, kanye nokuvikela izimpilo. Lapho ukhetha, ungabheki nje intengo, kodwa futhi unake ukusebenza kokuphepha kanye nesitifiketi sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngemuva kwaso.